李柏毅
台灣農村缺乏基礎設施，使得與農村息息相關的農業與畜牧業因為缺乏管理而成為汙染的源頭。傳統農村，農畜作物、飼料、排泄物往往能透過物質交換而達到循環的狀態。隨著產業發展、供給需求而脫鉤，造成原物料均需仰賴進口的失衡狀態，使得問題更加嚴重。
Agriculture and livestock industry have caused pollution because of no infrastructure or facilities to manage their waste. In old times, products, feeds and waste of agriculture and livestock industry could be traded and reused. Today, new technologies have changed the demands and supplies of all these things, and importation of raw materials worsened the unbalance.
農業用水佔雲林地區的七成，而畜牧業的沖洗水占雲林用水不到一成，所造成的汙染卻占河流汙染的五成。非灌溉時期所流失的回收與再利用成為重要的議題。肥料的原料來源均仰賴進口，過度使用化學肥料，造成地力的破壞，也對水源造成了直接的汙染。而飼料也均需仰賴進口，對台灣畜牧業也是潛在的危機。
Irrigation takes 70% of Yunlin’s water, and livestock industry takes 10% since it only needs to do wash. However, they are responsible for the 50% polluted rivers. The collection and reuse of fertilizers during the non-irrigation season is an urgent matter. Overly using fertilizers has destroyed the soil and directly polluted waters. And the raw materials of fertilizers and feeds are also imported, which is another problem in both industries.
如何透過設計來啓動將農畜業的永續發展與環境共生的機制，以建構一個具有能量循環的「農牧鍵結」構想。
This project contemplates upon how to design a sustainable mechanism for the symbiosis of agriculture, livestock industry and the environment through a chain that provides recycle of resources.
這個機制的核心是有關於農業與畜牧業的物質交換，設定耕地所需要的氮素與牲畜所排放的氮肥量做為參數。以氮循環的方式檢視土地使用，重新調整兩個產業氮素循環路徑，建立溼地系統來調控氮及水的的循環。 The core of this mechanism is about the exchange between agriculture and livestock industry. We investigated the nitrogen needed in soil for farming and the nitrogenous manure released from livestock. Tracing the nitrogen cycle we found out how the lands were used and decided that wetlands should be created to adjust the nitrogen paths and the water circulation.
接著，透過空間規劃來重新分配空間，以減少物料運送里程以及對環境的汙染，分區設置固態廢物回收站作為發電級包裝肥料之用，同時亦將調整各鄉鎮的飼料作物比例。
The spaces have been redesigned to reduce the distances of transportation and to relieve environmental burdens. Solid waste are recycled for energy generation or reused as fertilizers. The distribution of feeds to each villages is also adjusted.
將此二產業重新鍵結，降低此二產業外需的依賴以及在台灣長期對農村地區的汙染，重新以親近土地、尊重生態的方式處理供需問題，以這樣能量循環模式，創造在面對未來大環境的變遷時，仍可運作的機制。
The reconnection of agriculture and livestock industry will reduce their dependence on imported materials as well as to relive the pollution they have accumulated for a long time. The demands and supplies of these two industries should be managed with respect of the ecology and friendly to the lands. The energy cycles this mechanism created still will be operating even there are significant changes in the environment.
0 意見:
張貼留言