吳明發
1960年代中期之前，台灣糧食自給率曾經超過100%。1980年代之後，開始急速下滑，甚至低於同為山高地狹，工業化程度高於臺灣甚多的日本。而在2002年台灣加入WTO，而受到國際條約的制約，國外糧食開始大量傾銷入台；國內農業則在休耕政策下，造成良田廢耕，種植面積大量減少，截至今年統計，降至32%的糧食自給率。面對國際資源耗竭與糧食短缺的急迫性壓力下，台灣的糧食議題已經成為國家安全所關注。
Before the mid-1960s Taiwan could supply 100% need of food. Since the 1980s the self-supply rate began to drop significantly, even lower than industrialized Japan where high mountains made agriculture very difficult to develop. In 2002 Taiwan joined WTO, tremendous amount of foreign food began to be imported into Taiwan, resulting in large areas of fields left fallow. In 2012, Taiwan’s self-supply rate of food had gone as low as 32%. As the global food shortage is impending, issues of food supply is elevated in regard of national security.
台灣的農業面對大量進口的競爭壓力，再加上投機型耕作與運銷過程剝削等傳統產銷弊端，讓台灣的農業政策已經面臨轉變的挑戰。本提案主要是以調整台灣傳統農業產銷機制，依據主要的生活圈作為基礎，標舉「先吃飽，才有力氣作戰」的策略，作為台灣在WTO架構下，細緻重整台灣農業發展的永續能力。
Competition from imported agricultural merchandise, speculative farming, and exploitation during the distribution and selling of local products finally have forced agriculture policies to change. This project focuses on the transformation of production and marketing for agricultural products. Based on the scopes of living circles, this project uses a slogan “Eat and get full, so you will have the force to fight” to develop strategies for sustainable agriculture under the conditions of WTO.
這套機制的主要任務為，在滿足國內農業自給為前提下，以不同尺度的生活圈來重構農業配銷條件，針對舊有的配銷機制進行調整。選擇莿桐及其鄰近鄉鎮作為最小生活圈範圍，進行配銷循環的試算。由「當季當地」的角度，考量糧食蔬果每人每日所需值以及各地品項與產量，在產地與市場間距離，評估出區域型小物流中心落點位置，架構鄉鎮間的每日糧食與蔬果的內需配銷系統。各生活圈再提供地方優勢(或指定種植)農作，經由中上游系統支援國內市場，先建立穩定的配銷系統，形成更縝密、強建配銷網絡。才得以恢復農業生產的信心。
The goals are to meet domestic needs by redistributing food according to the scales of different living circles. We tried a new way of distribution by gradually adjusting the old way in Citong and its neighboring villages and towns, which constitute the smallest living circle. Following the principle of “seasonal and local”, we calculated a person’s daily consumption of grains, vegetables and fruits, added up the amounts of each product produced in the neighboring areas in a day, then decided the logistic center by measuring the distances between markets and the places of productions. The most advantageous agricultural products of each living circle will be further distributed into nation-wide market by integrating the producers, logistic systems and sellers. With reliable networks of redistribution and selling, consumers and producers will have greater confidence in local agricultural production.
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