201209生態馬賽克--農村生態串聯 鄭凱蔚

201209生態馬賽克--農村生態串聯 鄭凱蔚

 

海嘯、地震等自然災害，我們經歷大自然反撲的可怕；到糧食危機、水資源鬥爭、能源危機，我們了解，自然不再是我們予取予求的對象；「生態服務系統」、「里山倡議」成為全球性的轉變力量，行動開始於規劃理念的轉變。

 Earthquakes and tsunamis let us see the horrors of nature’s counterattacks. Food shortage, water wars and and energy crisis let us know that there are limits in natural resources. “Eco-service” and “Satoyama Initiative” are the global efforts to make things different, and actions are taken to change our ideas about planning. 

過去農村規劃強調「生產性」與「生活性」，而農村的重要價值「生態性」一直被忽略。依照習慣的生活經驗，農村生活便利不比城市，但它的價值在於「生態」地景這個舞台。沒有舞台的角色只能淪落邊緣，未來500萬65歲老人，要用生態地景說服他們歸來。當生態、自然是有價值時，我們該如何對待自己的家鄉呢?
 “Productivity” and “Living” have been emphasized in the planning of rural areas, but ecology had been ignored. Although life in farming villages is less convenient compared to life in cities, the irreplaceable advantage of rural areas is the great assets in landscapes. Like a stage, landscapes present ecology, and things without roles will be left behind. How do we value the natural ecology at our hometowns? How can we persuade the five million people turning sixty-five years old to consider moving back to countrysides?

 「生態系統服務」是一個發展中的新的生態概念，過去的規劃理論往往單純地將農村視作為是都市的剩餘，因此都市無限制的蔓延，破壞可耕地。「生態服務系統」是一個轉變的概念，面對新的都市發展的規劃，賦於了都市周邊仍維持相對自然的地域更多的生態價值，依據不同的生態條件設定一個指標，透過回復的生態技術，重新修補土地上的生態狀況。
 “Eco-service” is a developing perspective of ecology. In the past, urban planning tended to take rural areas as the backdrops of cities. Unfortunately, the unrestrained urban sprawl destroyed their backdrops. “Eco-service” is to reverse it by leaving the lands between cities and countrysides to nature. It requires the planning to set up an index in accordance with the ecological conditions and recover the lands with eco-engineering.

也就是說我們從生態系統所獲取的是有價值的，因此透過規劃設計，重新定義了農村地景的規劃策略，例如配置的服務（如糧食與水）、調節的服務（如洪水與疾病控制）、人文的服務（如娛樂與文化保存）、支持的服務（如養分循環）等。在因應氣候變遷挑戰更加需要反省過去的都市發展的軌跡，面對今天農村發展的處境，重新設定農村地域的生態系統服務的價值指標，作為國土規劃的永續之道。 Everything we can get from the environment has its value. In this project we redefined the scopes of rural planning and included services of distribution(food and water), control(flood and diseases), humanities(culture preservation and leisure), and supports(soil nutrition). Climate change drives us to reflect on the history of urban development and the situation of farming villages. Resetting the environmental indexes and values through eco-service will be the beginning of making sustainable land policies.

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